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美国加州五场大火同时“点燃”洛杉矶预估损失达500亿美元_我的网站

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一 | 美国加利福尼亚州南部地区1月7日突发山火，在大风助推下迅速蔓延，该州洛杉矶县成为重灾区。截至9日，在洛杉矶县仍然活跃着五处大规模山火，大火烧毁了上万亩土地、数千栋房屋建筑，目前仍没有减弱的趋势。

二 | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a notice suggesting it may consider a proposal to ban the use of formaldehyde in hair straightening and hair smoothing products.The FDA's consideration of the proposal was entered in the Unified Agenda, a government registry of actions that administrative agencies plan to issue.There is no set timeline on when the agency may consider the proposal or when, if it moves forward, a ban would go into effect.Frequent use of hair-straightening products that include chemicals like formaldehyde has been found in studies to put women at a higher risk for uterine cancer.One study published last year found an association that women who self-reported frequent use of hair straightening products were more than twice as likely to later develop uterine cancer than women who did not use the products. Scientists caution that it's not clear yet if these products cause cancer. For now, research only hints at only a probable link.Uterine cancer, a type of cancer that starts in the uterus, is a risk factor for anyone with a uterus, but the risk increases with age, especially during and after menopause, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Last year's study found that Black women may be more affected by the increased risk of uterine cancer not because of their race, but due to the fact that they use chemical hair straightening products at a higher rate. Frequent use of the products was defined as more than four times in the previous year, according to the study, which included more than 33,000 women between the ages of 35 to 74.Formaldehyde is described by the Environmental Protection Agency as a "colorless, flammable gas" that can cause "adverse health effects" with exposure. When used in hair smoothing products, the formaldehyde is released into the air as a gas when the products are heated.The Department of Health and Human Services lists formaldehyde as a "known carcinogen."The FDA issued a warning last year stating that the use of hair smoothing products in an area that is not properly ventilated could lead to a risk of a person inhaling formaldehyde. In the warning, the agency acknowledged it began receiving "inquiries from consumers and salon professionals" about the safety of formaldehyde in products as far back as 20 years ago.Melanie Benesh, vice president for government affairs at the Environmental Working Group, an environmental advocacy organization, described the FDA's consideration of a ban on formaldehyde as a move that is "welcome, but long overdue."Benesh pointed out that the Environmental Working Group published a report as early as 2011 on the widespread use of formaldehyde in hair product brands and in salons across the U.S."The FDA has been aware of this issue for a long time," Benesh told "Good Morning America," adding, "There is no reason that the FDA shouldn’t have acted earlier on what is a real public health issue, particularly for salon workers."The FDA did not reply to ABC News' request for comment in response to Benesh's claim that the agency should have acted sooner.Benesh added that salon workers are at increased risk of adverse health effects due to their prolonged exposure to the types of hair treatments that include chemicals, including keratin treatments and Brazilian blowouts."Consumers are going to be exposed if they get one of those treatments or if you're in the salon while someone else is getting that same kind of treatment," she said. "But salon workers are more likely to do multiple treatments a day or multiple treatments a week and over the course of a year, and so those repeat exposures can really add up to an increased risk."California and Maryland recently passed state legislation banning the use of formaldehyde in hair straightening products. Both laws are set to go into effect January 2025.Benesh noted there are hair straightening and smoothing products currently on the market that do not use formaldehyde. She said her advice to consumers and salon workers is to not wait for regulatory action but instead refrain from using hair products with formaldehyde on their own."There's no reason to wait until the law takes effect or until a proposed rule takes effect to switch to safer products, or to just no longer offer those services if you can't find a hair smoothing or hair straightening treatment that you like that doesn't use formaldehyde," Benesh said. "It's not worth the risk. It's not worth your stylists or your consumers potentially getting cancer just to have straight hair."。视频加载中...5人死亡18万人疏散根据9日最新的通报情况，洛杉矶目前约有18万人收到疏散令，近20万人处于疏散警告之下。由于有多人失联，目前尚不清楚在火灾中丧生和受伤的具体人数，但确认至少有5人身亡。另据美国国家气象局方面表示，当地时间10日晚到11日，山火附近的风速将短暂减弱，但新一轮的“圣安娜风”可能会于11日晚到12日出现，风势可能会再次增强。“圣安娜风”由内陆吹向沿海地区，温暖干燥且风速大，极易助长火势，素有“魔鬼风”的恶名。过火面积超117平方公里损失或达500亿美元根据加州林业和消防局9日上午最新通报，洛杉矶地区目前有5处危险性野火蔓延，总过火面积超过117平方公里。五处山火仍在肆虐帕利塞兹山火（Palisades fire）：作为本周二（1月7日）首先爆发的火灾，帕利塞兹山火已成为洛杉矶当前面临的最大威胁，过火面积超17200英亩（69.6平方公里），火势控制率为0%，或将成为加州历史上最具破坏性的火灾之一。伊顿山火（Eaton fire）：位于洛杉矶北部，席卷了阿尔塔迪纳等城市。

三 | 是洛杉矶当前第二大火灾，过火面积约10600英亩（42.8平方公里），同样未能得到有效控制。赫斯特山火（Hurst fire）：位于圣费尔南多以北，从本周二晚开始燃烧，面积已扩大至855英亩（3.4平方公里），消防员在控制火势方面取得一些进展。莉迪亚山火（Lidia fire）：周三（8日）下午在洛杉矶北部的阿克顿山区爆发，过火面积近350英亩（1.4平方公里），火势控制率40%。日落山火（Sunet fire）：周三晚上，在好莱坞山附近爆发，不到一小时就蔓延到约20英亩（0.08平方公里），目前已经蔓延至43英亩（0.17平方公里）。经济损失或达数百亿美元美国摩根大通公司发布报告称，洛杉矶地区这场历史性的山火所造成的损失已经飙升至接近500亿美元，并仍在持续上升。报告估计，保险损失可能超过200亿美元，而且根据山火最终得到控制的时间，这个数字可能还会上升。相比之下，2023年毛伊岛大火造成的总破坏和经济损失，约在130亿至160亿美元之间。影响广泛社会生活受重创数千座建筑在火灾中损毁，其中包括好莱坞明星的豪宅，如蝙蝠侠扮演者的价值2050万美元的住所。另有上万栋建筑处于危险之中。

四 | 此外，洛杉矶县的下水道、电力和交通系统均遭受严重破坏，截至当地时间9日上午10时，已有超过42万用户断电。

五 | 山火还引发了严重的空气污染，多个学区因此宣布停课。救援与响应加州已部署1400余名消防人员参与灭火，加州南部部分区域进入紧急状态。美国总统拜登签署了针对加州山火的重大灾难声明，将向加州提供资金和相应资源用于灭火工作。拜登还取消了访问意大利的行程。

六 | 美国联邦政府派遣了十余架飞机及直升机参与救援。

七 | 此次山火肆虐加州，也暴露诸多问题。消防栓缺水导致救援行动严重受限一方面，消防栓缺水，灭火行动受阻。《洛杉矶时报》报道称，山火发生后，当地消防栓出现严重缺水情况，导致消防人员无法有效灭火。这一问题还引发政治纷争，加州州长纽森指责当地政府，而美国候任总统特朗普则抨击纽森管理不善加剧了灾情。对此，加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校水资源专家格雷戈里・皮尔斯却有不同见解，他指出，此次野火强度远超平常，关键并非缺水，而是怎样快速将大量水运至火场，这迫切需要在电力及基础设施上加大投入。消防部门预算被削减不利于灾害应对另一方面，预算削减也成消防救援的 “紧箍咒”。洛杉矶市市长凯伦・巴斯9日称，去年6月对消防部门1700多万美元的预算削减，不会影响此次山火的应对。